INTRODUCTION

For decades, historians have been interested in the process of mummification, which provides insight into ancient civilizations' beliefs and customs. Among these, the ancient Egyptians are known for their extensive mummification procedures, which were crucial to their religious and cultural environment. 

The history of mummification can be traced back to the prehistoric era(about 2600 BCE), when early people saw natural mummification processes as drying out in conditions of dryness. Mummification, on the other hand, evolved as a highly complex funeral ceremony in ancient Egypt. The earliest evidence of purposeful mummification goes back to the predynastic period, when remains were naturally dried by burial in shallow holes or sand.

Mummification was deeply linked with Egyptian religious beliefs, particularly the concept of the soul's journey to the afterlife. The preservation of the body was essential to ensure the soul's continued existence in the afterworld. Rituals such as the Opening of the Mouth ceremony and the Book of the Dead were performed to aid the deceased in navigating the perilous journey to the realm of Osiris, the god of the afterlife.

Mummification was also a burial method of the Inca civilization in Peru. They would mummify corpses and bury them with precious jewelry, pottery, and textiles. These mummies were considered to be the link between the living and the gods, and could also be found in on important occasions such as weddings and festivals, they are taken away from their resting place, offerings are placed and prayers are performed.

In some areas such as Australia, mummies are also used to process corpses. They will first expose the corpse to the sun until it dries, then remove the internal organs and then fill it with grass. This is a way for them to give back to nature.

Modern advances in science have improved the study of mummification, providing new insights into ancient methods and behaviors. Researchers have used non-invasive techniques such as radiocarbon dating, CT scanning, and genetic analysis to analyze mummies, providing information about ancient diets, illnesses, and family relations. These results not only contribute to our understanding of ancient Egypt, but also demonstrate the multifaceted nature of mummy study.

The history of mummification shows ancient Egypt's creativity, religion, and cultural diversity. Mummification captured the imaginations of historians, from its humble beginnings to its lasting impact. Exploring its origins, evolution, religious significance, and scientific insights allows us to obtain a better understanding of these ancient funeral ceremonies and its significant impact on human history.